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Microfracture

In small defects, it is possible to use a small insturument which punctures the bone in the area of the defect. This allows fresh blood from the femur to enter the defect. The fresh blood contains cells called "precursors" or "multipotential" cells capable of producing new cartilage. This is a moderately effective technique.

A small drill or "pick" is used to place holes in the bone where cartilage should be. This allows cells from the bone marrow to enter the area and become cartilage manufacturing cells.